Musi waChikunguru 2, 2021, iyo Direction yeSingle-Use Plastics yakatanga kushanda muEuropean Union (EU).Iyo dhairekitori inorambidza mamwe mapurasitiki ekushandisa kamwe chete ayo mamwe maitiro aripo."Chigadzirwa chepurasitiki chekushandisa kamwe chete" chinotsanangurwa sechigadzirwa chinogadzirwa zvachose kana chikamu kubva mupurasitiki uye chisina kubatwa, kugadzirwa, kana kuiswa pamusika kuti chishandiswe kakawanda nechinangwa chimwe.European Commission yakaburitsa nhungamiro, kusanganisira mienzaniso, yezvinozoonekwa sechinhu chimwe chete chepurasitiki chigadzirwa.(Directive art. 12.)
Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinoshandiswa kamwe chete, nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzinofanirwa kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwadzo kuburikidza nematanho ekutapudza kushandiswa kwenyika, chinangwa chakasiyana chekudzokorodza mabhodhoro epurasitiki, dhizaini yezvinodiwa zvemabhodhoro epurasitiki, uye mavara anomanikidzirwa ezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kuzivisa vatengi.Uye zvakare, iyo dhairekitori inowedzera mutoro wevagadziri, zvichireva kuti vagadziri vachafanirwa kubhadhara mari yekuchenesa-marara, kuunganidza data, uye kusimudzira ruzivo kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa.Nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzinofanira kuita matanho pasati pasvika Chikunguru 3, 2021, kunze kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa-zvigadzirwa zvemabhodhoro, izvo zvichange zvichishanda kubva munaChikunguru 3, 2024. (Art. 17.)
Divi iyi inoshandisa hurongwa hwepurasitiki hweEU uye ine chinangwa che "kusimudzira shanduko ye[EU] kuenda kuhupfumi hwakatenderera."(Chinyorwa. 1.)
Zvemukati zveDirective pane Imwe-Kushandisa Plastics
Market Bans
Iwo anoraira anorambidza kuita anotevera-anoshandisa mapurasitiki anowanikwa pamusika weEU:
❋ zvimiti zvedonje
❋ kucheka (forks, mapanga, zvipunu, zvimiti)
❋ ndiro
❋ mashanga
❋ zvinwiwa zvinokuchidzira
❋ zvimiti zvinosungirwa kunamirwa nekutsigira mabharumu
❋ midziyo yechikafu yakagadzirwa ne polystyrene yakawedzerwa
❋ midziyo yechinwiwa yakagadzirwa ne polystyrene yakawedzerwa, kusanganisira makepisi nemavharo
❋ makapu ezvinwiwa zvakagadzirwa ne polystyrene yakawedzerwa, kusanganisira mavhavha ayo nemavharo
❋ zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kuoxo-inoora plastiki.(Art. 5 pamwe chete nekuwedzera, chikamu B.)
National Consumption Reduction Matanho
Nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzinofanirwa kutora matanho ekuderedza kushandiswa kwemamwe mapurasitiki ekushandisa kamwe chete pasina imwe nzira.Nyika dziri nhengo dzinofanirwa kuendesa tsananguro yematanho kuEuropean Commission uye kuita kuti iwanikwe pachena.Matanho akadaro anogona kusanganisira kumisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa nyika, kupa dzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswa zvakare panguva yekutengesa kune vatengi, kana kubhadharisa mari yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvekushandisa kamwe chete.Nyika dzenhengo dzeEU dzinofanira kuwana "kuderera kwekuda uye kwakasimba" mukushandiswa kweaya mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete "zvichitungamirira kukuchinja kukuru kwekuwedzera kushandiswa" ne 2026. Kushandiswa uye kuderedza kufambira mberi kunofanira kuongororwa uye kuudzwa kuEuropean Commission.(Chitsauko 4.)
Kupatsanura Kuunganidza Zvinangwa uye Dhizaini Zvinodikanwa zvePurasitiki Mabhodhoro
Pakazosvika 2025, makumi manomwe nenomwe muzana emabhodhoro epurasitiki akaiswa pamusika anofanira kushandiswazve.Pakazosvika 2029, mari yakaenzana ne90% inofanira kushandiswa zvakare.Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodiwa zvekugadzira mabhodhoro epurasitiki zvichaitwa: panosvika 2025, mabhodhoro ePET anofanirwa kunge aine 25% yepurasitiki yakadzokororwa mukugadzira kwavo.Huwandu uhu hunokwira kusvika pa30% panosvika 2030 kumabhodhoro ese.(Art. 6, ndima. 5; art. 9.)
Labeling
Matauro ehutsanana (mapedhi), matamponi uye zvitambi, zvinopukuta nyoro, zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvine masefa, uye makapu ekunwira zvinofanira kuva nemavara “anooneka, anoverengwa zvakajeka uye asingadzimiki” pachiputiriso kana pachigadzirwa chacho.Chiratidzo chinofanirwa kuzivisa vatengi nezvesarudzo dzakakodzera dzekutonga tsvina yechigadzirwa kana nzira yekurasa marara inofanirwa kudzivirirwa, pamwe nekuvapo kwemapurasitiki muchigadzirwa uye kukanganisa kwemarara.(Art. 7, ndima. 1 pamwe chete nekuwedzera, chikamu D.)
Kuwedzerwa Basa reMugadziri
Vagadziri vanofanirwa kubhadhara mitengo yekuzivisa-yekusimudzira matanho, kuunganidza marara, kuchenesa marara, uye kuunganidza data uye kushuma maererano nezvinotevera zvigadzirwa:
❋ midziyo yezvokudya
❋ mapaketi nemapepa akagadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvinochinjika
❋ magaba ekunwa anokwana marita matatu
❋ makapu ezvinwiwa, kusanganisira zvivharo nemavharo
❋ mabhegi epurasitiki akareruka
❋ zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvine sefa
❋ zvinopukuta
❋ mabharumu (Art. 8, ndima. 2, 3 pamwe chete nekuwedzera, chikamu E.)
Nekudaro, hapana mari yekuunganidza tsvina inofanirwa kuvharwa maererano nekunyorova nekupukuta uye mabharumu.
Kusimudzira Kuziva
Murairo uyu unoda kuti nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzikurudzire hunhu hwevatengi uye dzizivise vatengi nezvedzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswa zvakare, pamwe nekukanganisa kwekurasa marara uye kumwe kuraswa kwemarara kwakashata pane zvakatipoteredza uye network yesuweji.(Chikamu. 10.)
kwakabva URL:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-21-2021